The November 17th Coup: Commemorating Institutional Collapse and the Unfinished Liberation.
17 November 2025
On November 17th, Zimbabweans observe the anniversary of the military intervention that culminated in the forced resignation of the nation's inaugural post-independence President, Robert Gabriel Mugabe, just two days later. This event, often termed a "soft coup" or "Operation Restore Legacy," was a moment of profound political rupture, yet it fundamentally exposed the deep-seated decay and complete erosion of integrity within the very State institutions meant to safeguard constitutional democracy.
The Legacy of Institutional Failure and Pervasive Corruption
The immediate pretext for Mugabe’s ouster included allegations of massive, unchecked corruption perpetrated by his inner circle, known as the G40 faction. This period was characterized by the utter failure of critical State institutions—such as the Anti-Corruption Commission, the Judiciary, and law enforcement—to effectively investigate or prosecute high-level graft. Mugabe himself delivered a staggering, if anecdotal, indictment of this failure when he publicly conceded that an estimated USD $15 billion was looted from the Chiadzwa diamond fields—a clear sign that the State was either unwilling or unable to protect national wealth.
Alarmingly, the patterns of systemic corruption and institutional capture have not abated since 2017; indeed, they appear to have intensified. Contemporary examples demonstrate a continuation of national asset depletion at an even greater scale:
• The Kuvimba Mining Holding Controversy: The alleged highly corrupt USD $1.9 billion deal surrounding Kuvimba Mining Holdings, which reportedly benefited a specific, well-connected individual (Kudakwashe Tagwirei), underscores the continuation of opaque resource management.
• The "Gold Mafia" Exposé: The 2023 investigative documentary laid bare the intricate network of organized crime, money laundering, and illicit gold trading, illustrating how politically connected individuals can utilize State apparatus for massive private enrichment.
• Massive Debt Repayments: The process of settling sovereign debt has become an opaque mechanism through which billions of dollars are channeled, often lacking transparent oversight and raising concerns about further opportunities for high-level looting.
Once again, key oversight and accountability institutions are found wanting, demonstrating a paralysis in tackling corruption that mirrors, and possibly exceeds, the situation under the previous administration.
The Succession Trap and Constitutional Subversion
While corruption provided the popular justification for the coup, the core trigger was the incumbent President’s failure to decisively manage the critical issue of political succession. By persistently delaying and avoiding a clear succession plan, Mugabe fostered intense impatience and anxiety among competing factions, ultimately leading those who coveted his office to orchestrate his removal.
Tragically, the current political leadership appears trapped in this same self-defeating paradigm. The spectre of a leader attempting to unlawfully remain in power is resurfacing. Current President Emmerson Mnangagwa, whose term is constitutionally prescribed to end in 2028, is now allegedly maneuvering to subvert the Constitution and illegally extend his tenure, potentially aiming for 2030 or beyond.
In a functional democracy, State institutions—particularly the Judiciary and Parliament—would decisively step in to uphold the Constitution and protect the democratic framework. However, just as in 2017, the institutions tasked with managing a smooth and constitutional transfer of power are proving structurally incapable.
It has gone without comment that one aspect of the coup in 2017 was the profound undermining of the constitution by the courts. The decision by Justice Chiweshe and subsequent defence of the judgement by Chief Justice Malaba that Section 212 of the Constitution should be interpreted to allow the army to enter civilian affairs outside deployment by the President (on the pretext of defending the country or the constitution) has both sanitised the coup and allows the army an unfettered right to mount further coups.
The Root Cause: Conflation of Party and and a unreformed Neo colonial State.
At the very heart of this chronic institutional failure is the malignant conflation of the ruling political party and the State apparatus. Furthermore, the institutional architecture of the party itself, forged by Mugabe’s “one center of power” policy, grants the party’s First Secretary and President near-absolute control. This figure effectively commands all State institutions, rendering them instruments of partisan power rather than non-partisan servants of the public good.
While the military demonstrated its capacity in 2017 to exploit political miscalculation and subdue civilian institutions to remove a sitting President, its intervention did not achieve genuine political reform. The 2017 narrative, promising to "restore the legacy of the liberation struggle"—defined as the supremacy of the democratic vote and the equitable distribution of national resources—initially gave Zimbabweans hope. There was a widespread expectation that the crisis would finally lead to reformed, non-partisan State institutions positioned to serve all citizens, not just the ruling elite.
The Need for a Non-Partisan Transitional Authority (NTA)
The history of political transitions in Zimbabwe—from the 19
80 independence, the 1987 Unity Accord, the 2009 Government of National Unity, to the 2017 coup—demonstrates a consistent pattern: politicians have repeatedly failed to steward this mandate for reform. They have proven incapable of dismantling the structures of a neo colonial, captured State and corruption that perpetuate national crisis.
All the underlying conditions and ingredients that precipitated the 2017 coup—rampant corruption, a contested succession, and captured, paralyzed State institutions—are alarmingly present today. Yet, the nation justifiably dreads the violence and further democratic backsliding that another military intervention would entail.
Therefore, the way forward cannot be through another political faction or military maneuver. It is now evident that only a genuinely Non-Partisan Transitional Authority (NTA)—composed of individuals committed solely to national interest, institutional repair, and economic stabilization—can effectively fix our State institutions and render them fit for the purpose of serving all Zimbabweans.
The NTA Caretaker Council, calls upon all Zimbabweans to peacefully and constitutionally demand the formation of a Non-Partisan Transitional Authority as the only viable strategy to avert the threat of yet another unconstitutional power grab and to finally complete the long-delayed liberation of Zimbabwe by establishing a functional, democratic State.
Issued on behalf of the NTA Steering Committee,
Released by;
Ibbo Mandaza, NTA Steering Committee Chairperson
Tony Reeler, NTA Steering Committee Secretary
Obert Masaraure, NTA Steering Committee Publicity Secretary
+263776129336
Ntafront@gmail.com
I subscribe to the proposal of a Non-partisan NTA.
Both Zanu PF and the utterly useless MDC/CCC leaders want the 2028 elections to go ahead with no reforms implemented and both are using ED 2030 as cover to draw attention away from the folly of participating in flawed 2028.
The ordinary people will need convincing that ED 2030 is a decoy that will stop Mnangagwa extending his rule but will not stop Zanu PF rigging 2028 and getting away with it because people participated. The people have to understand that result is a repeat of supporting 2017 coup that remove one dictator with another and changed nothing.
Stop people participating in flawed 2028 elections in their 2018 or 2023 numbers and SADC and AU will deny Zanu PF legitimacy and demand a new GNU. Given the fact the 2008 to 2013 GNU failed to implement even one token reform, I believe both SADC and AU will understand why both Zanu PF and MDC/CCC leaders cannot play a major role in the new GNU.